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Association between hypothyroidism and obstructive sleep apnea: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Mingyu Zhao1, Xu Huang1, Hu Zheng1
1Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
Frontiers in Neurology
|December 25, 2024
Summary
Hypothyroidism may increase the risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but OSA does not appear to cause hypothyroidism. Early screening for OSA in patients with hypothyroidism is recommended for timely diagnosis and treatment.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Pulmonology
- Genetics
Background:
- The causal link between hypothyroidism and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is debated.
- Previous studies have yielded conflicting results regarding this association.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the causal relationship between hypothyroidism and OSA using a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.
- To determine if hypothyroidism is a risk factor for OSA, or vice versa.
Main Methods:
- Utilized genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data for hypothyroidism and OSA.
- Employed inverse variance weighting (IVW) as the primary MR analysis method, with supporting analyses using weighted median, MR-Egger, and other models.
- Conducted sensitivity analyses, including heterogeneity and pleiotropy testing, and leave-one-out analysis.
- Performed bioinformatics analysis on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from relevant datasets to identify common pathways.
Main Results:
- Genetically predicted hypothyroidism was significantly associated with an increased risk of OSA (IVW OR = 1.734, P = 0.025).
- Reverse MR analysis showed no evidence of a causal effect of OSA on hypothyroidism (IVW OR = 1.002, P = 0.454).
- Sensitivity and bioinformatics analyses supported the robustness and biological plausibility of the findings, identifying common DEGs.
Conclusions:
- Hypothyroidism is suggested to be a potential risk factor for developing OSA.
- Obstructive sleep apnea does not appear to causally influence hypothyroidism based on this study.
- Recommend enhanced screening for OSA in individuals with hypothyroidism for early detection and management.
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