Optical sensors based on plasmonic nano-structures: A review

Area of Science:

• Optics and Photonics
• Sensing Technologies
• Materials Science

Background:

• Optical sensors are crucial for terahertz (THz) sensing applications.
• Surface plasmon-based sensors offer advantages like compact size, rapid response, and high sensitivity compared to photonic crystal, optical fiber, and graphene sensors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and categorize plasmonic sensor structures for THz sensing.
• To provide an overview of prevalent investigation methods and materials used in plasmonic sensor research.

Main Methods:

• Categorization of plasmonic sensor structures into conventional basic platforms, coupled resonator structures, and periodic structures (metal-insulator, insulator-insulator).
• Identification of common numerical investigation methods: Finite Element Method (FEM) and Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD).
• Listing of typical materials employed: silver, gold, air, silicon (Si), and silicon dioxide (SiO2).

Main Results:

• Surface plasmon-based sensors are a significant area of research within THz sensing.
• The review classifies various plasmonic sensor designs and analytical techniques.
• Commonly used metals and insulators are identified, along with prevalent simulation methods.

Conclusions:

• Plasmonic sensors are highly sensitive and suitable for diverse applications in chemistry, physics, and biomedicine.
• The reviewed sensor types and methods provide a foundation for further development in THz sensing technology.
• Continued research into plasmonic sensor structures promises advancements in various scientific and medical fields.