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Gut microbiota profile and atopic dermatitis in the first year of life

Alexandru Cosmin Pantazi1,2, Wassan Nori3, Mustafa Ali Kassim Kassim1

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University, Constanta, Romania.

Journal of Medicine and Life
|December 25, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Infants with atopic dermatitis show altered gut microbiota, with more proteolytic bacteria like Enterobacter and fewer acidifying bacteria such as Lactobacillus. These findings suggest a link between early-life gut health and eczema development.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in immune system development.
  • Alterations in gut microbiota composition are linked to immune-mediated diseases like atopic dermatitis (AD).
  • Early-life gut microbiome dysbiosis may influence the development of AD in infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare the gut microbiota composition in infants with atopic dermatitis versus healthy infants.
  • To identify specific bacterial species or groups associated with the early onset of atopic dermatitis.
  • To understand the relationship between early-life intestinal ecosystem and AD pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of intestinal microbiota composition in 121 infants (1 group with AD, 1 control group).
  • Quantitative assessment of bacterial populations, including proteolytic and acidifying bacteria.
  • Statistical analysis to determine significant differences between groups (P < 0.05).

Main Results:

  • Infants with AD exhibited significantly increased levels of proteolytic bacteria, including Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Escherichia coli species.
  • Significantly decreased levels of acidifying bacteria, such as Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium species, were observed in infants with AD.
  • Levels of Clostridium species, Candida albicans, Mould fungi, and Geotrichum species were comparable between the groups.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct gut microbiota profiles are associated with atopic dermatitis in infants.
  • The observed dysbiosis, characterized by an increase in proteolytic and a decrease in acidifying bacteria, may contribute to AD development.
  • These findings offer insights for developing targeted, personalized therapeutic strategies for early-life atopic dermatitis.

Keywords:
acidifying bacteriaatopic dermatitisdysbiosisgut microbiotainfantsproteolytic bacteria

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