Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants01:18

Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants

986
Oral anticoagulants are vital tools in preventing and treating blood clotting disorders. This diverse class of medications can be categorized as vitamin K antagonists, exemplified by warfarin, and direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), such as dabigatran, as well as factor Xa inhibitors, including rivaroxaban.
Warfarin, a prominent vitamin K antagonist family member, exerts its effect by inhibiting the enzyme VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1). By hindering this enzyme, warfarin...
986
Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins01:30

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

532
Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
532
Antiplatelet Drugs: Prostaglandin Synthesis, P2Y12 and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors01:20

Antiplatelet Drugs: Prostaglandin Synthesis, P2Y12 and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors

388
Antiplatelet drugs emerge as frontline defenders against the insidious threat of thromboembolic diseases, where abnormal clots obstruct vital blood vessels. These drugs stand as bulwarks, inhibiting platelet aggregation and clot formation, thereby mitigating the risk of life-threatening conditions like myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and thrombotic strokes.
Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, exemplified by the widely known aspirin, wield their power by irreversibly acetylating...
388
Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis01:16

Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis

2.4K
After a fibrin clot is formed, the next step is clot retraction, a vital process facilitated by platelet contractile proteins, such as actin and myosin. These proteins pull the fibrin strands closer together and condense the clot. This action reduces the size of the clot, creating a smaller, denser structure that effectively seals off the damaged vessel. Clot retraction consolidates the clot and helps with wound healing by bringing the edges of the damaged blood vessel closer together.
2.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Functional Organization of the Neonatal Basal Ganglia and Thalamus.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Chronic Treatment with Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors at Hospital Admission is Associated with Improved Reperfusion and Mortality Among STEMI Patients Undergoing Mechanical Reperfusion: Insight from the ISACS-STEMI COVID-19 Registry.

Current vascular pharmacology·2026
Same author

Acute Coronary Occlusion in NSTEMI Patients: Prevalence, Clinical Characteristics and the Potential Role of Artificial Intelligence.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)·2026
Same author

BIBSNet: A deep learning baby image brain segmentation network for MRI scans.

Developmental cognitive neuroscience·2026
Same author

Examining Associations Between the Timing of Maternal Depressive Symptoms, Parenting Behaviors, and Child Outcomes.

Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry·2025
Same author

Myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries - the European PERspective (SNIPER) survey.

Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2025

An In vitro System to Gauge the Thrombolytic Efficacy of Histotripsy and a Lytic Drug
07:50

An In vitro System to Gauge the Thrombolytic Efficacy of Histotripsy and a Lytic Drug

Published on: June 4, 2021

2.6K

Antithrombotic Therapy in Chronic Total Occlusion Interventions.

Iosif Xenogiannis1, Charalambos Varlamos1, Despoina-Rafailia Benetou1

  • 1Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School Athens, Greece.

US Cardiology
|December 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Optimal anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy are crucial for successful chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Standard regimens involve unfractionated heparin and dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel.

Keywords:
Chronic total occlusionIIb/IIIa inhibitorsanticoagulationantiplateletsaspirinbivalirudinclopidogrelpercutaneous coronary interventionprasugrelticagrelorunfractionated heparin

More Related Videos

Optimized Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke
09:21

Optimized Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Published on: January 18, 2018

11.8K
Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
28:13

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: February 26, 2013

33.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2025

An In vitro System to Gauge the Thrombolytic Efficacy of Histotripsy and a Lytic Drug
07:50

An In vitro System to Gauge the Thrombolytic Efficacy of Histotripsy and a Lytic Drug

Published on: June 4, 2021

2.6K
Optimized Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke
09:21

Optimized Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Published on: January 18, 2018

11.8K
Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
28:13

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: February 26, 2013

33.2K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Interventional Cardiology
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Chronic total occlusion (CTO) recanalization presents significant challenges in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
  • Effective peri- and postprocedural antithrombotic strategies are vital for successful revascularization and minimizing adverse cardiovascular events.
  • Current guidelines emphasize specific anticoagulant and antiplatelet approaches for CTO PCI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize optimal anticoagulation and antiplatelet strategies for patients undergoing CTO PCI.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for peri- and postprocedural antithrombotic management in CTO interventions.
  • To discuss the role of different anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents in improving outcomes for CTO PCI.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and clinical guidelines on anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy in CTO PCI.
  • Analysis of studies comparing different antithrombotic agents in the context of complex coronary interventions.
  • Synthesis of data regarding the efficacy and safety of unfractionated heparin, bivalirudin, and dual antiplatelet regimens.

Main Results:

  • Unfractionated heparin remains a standard anticoagulant due to its reversibility, though bivalirudin shows comparable outcomes in some studies.
  • Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors are generally not recommended for routine use in CTO PCI.
  • Standard dual antiplatelet therapy involves aspirin plus clopidogrel for 6-12 months, with potent P2Y12 inhibitors (ticagrelor, prasugrel) considered for complex cases.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing anticoagulation and dual antiplatelet therapy is essential for successful CTO PCI outcomes.
  • Careful selection of antithrombotic agents, considering patient-specific factors and procedural complexity, is crucial.
  • Adherence to recommended antithrombotic regimens can reduce major adverse cardiovascular events post-CTO PCI.