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Related Concept Videos

Observational Studies01:11

Observational Studies

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Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
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Naturalistic Observations02:30

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If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
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There are many research methods available to psychologists in their efforts to understand, describe, and explain behavior and the cognitive and biological processes that underlie it.
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Longitudinal Research02:20

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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Cross-Sectional Research01:50

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In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...
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Data Collection by Observations01:08

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Data collection refers to a systematic way of obtaining, observing, measuring, and analyzing accurate information. Observational studies are one of the most widely used methods of data collection. It involves collecting data by observing the behavior and physical characteristics of a sample without making any modifications to the sample.
An astronomer viewing the motion and brightness of stars in the sky and recording the data is an example of observational data collection. A botanist recording...
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Updated: May 8, 2025

Author Spotlight: Exploring Microglial Interactions with Stress-Response Circuitry Using the Limited Bedding and Nesting Model
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Born into homelessness: A retrospective observational study.

C Leahy1, C A Murphy1, R Cullen2

  • 1Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

Public Health in Practice (Oxford, England)
|December 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Infants born to homeless mothers face higher risks of preterm birth, lower birth weight, and neonatal unit admission. Addressing societal inequalities is crucial for improving perinatal outcomes in vulnerable populations.

Keywords:
Health EquityHomelessnessNeonatologyObstetrics

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Area of Science:

  • Perinatal health
  • Social determinants of health
  • Maternal-infant health

Background:

  • Homelessness is a significant social determinant of health impacting maternal and infant well-being.
  • Vulnerable populations experience unique challenges during the antenatal and neonatal periods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare antenatal and neonatal outcomes between infants born to homeless mothers and the general hospital population.
  • To identify disparities in perinatal care and outcomes for homeless maternal-infant dyads.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective observational study conducted at a tertiary maternity hospital in Ireland.
  • Analysis of perinatal outcomes for 143 homeless mothers and their 145 infants in 2020.
  • Comparison of data with the general hospital population delivering liveborn infants during the same period.

Main Results:

  • Infants born into homelessness had higher rates of preterm birth (15% vs 7%) and lower median birth weight (3.1 kg vs 3.4 kg).
  • Neonatal unit admission rates were significantly higher for infants of homeless mothers (35% vs 14%).
  • Postnatal outcomes included increased missed neonatal clinic appointments (29% vs 8%) and lower exclusive breastfeeding rates (16% vs 45%).

Conclusions:

  • Infants born into homelessness are disproportionately affected by adverse perinatal factors.
  • Addressing societal inequalities before birth is essential to mitigate negative long-term outcomes for vulnerable infants.
  • Targeted interventions and support are needed to improve perinatal health for homeless maternal-infant dyads.