Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Blood Pressure Imbalances and Circulatory Shock01:24

Blood Pressure Imbalances and Circulatory Shock

719
Disorders affecting blood volume, vascular tone, or vascular function can disrupt vascular homeostasis, including conditions like hypertension, hemorrhage, and shock.
Blood Pressure: Hypertension and Hypotension
Normal blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg. Elevated blood pressure is 120-129/under 80 mm Hg. Hypertension, warranting treatment at 130/80 mm Hg, is often asymptomatic and can lead to severe cardiovascular events, aneurysms, peripheral arterial disease, chronic renal disease, or cardiac...
719
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

302
The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
302
Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers

259
β-adrenergic antagonists, commonly known as β-blockers, block the effects of sympathetic neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (ADR). They have several beneficial effects in heart failure treatment. They reduce heart rate, the force of contraction, and cardiac muscle relaxation. They also slow the atrial-ventricular conduction rate and raise the threshold for arrhythmias. The concentration of β-blockers determines their effects on bronchodilation,...
259
Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents

398
Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
398
Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance01:29

Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance

471
Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...
471
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:23

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

1.2K
The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The RASE Technique for Extraction of a Protruding Aorto-Ostial Coronary Stent.

JACC. Case reports·2026
Same author

Valvular Shock in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit: Perioperative Care for Transcatheter Valve Interventions.

Cardiology clinics·2026
Same author

THE SOCIETY OF CRITICAL CARE CARDIOLOGY - RATIONALE, BLUEPRINT, AND LESSONS LEARNED IN THE CREATION OF A NEW MULTIDISCIPLINARY PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATION.

American heart journal·2026
Same author

Associations Between Admission C-Reactive Protein and In-Hospital Mortality Amongst Patients with Cardiogenic Shock.

European heart journal. Acute cardiovascular care·2026
Same author

Pressure-Adjusted Heart Rate by Echocardiography and Mortality in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit.

JACC. Advances·2026
Same author

Echocardiographic correlates of acute kidney injury in cardiac intensive care unit patients.

International journal of cardiology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2025

Utilizing Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Devices in Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock
06:10

Utilizing Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Devices in Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

Published on: June 12, 2021

3.1K

Mixed Cardiogenic-Vasodilatory Shock: Current Insights and Future Directions.

Jacob C Jentzer1, David D Berg2, Meshe D Chonde3

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

JACC. Advances
|December 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This review introduces a new classification for mixed shock, a dangerous condition where heart problems and vasodilation coexist. Early identification and tailored treatment are crucial for improving patient outcomes in these complex shock states.

Keywords:
cardiac arrestcardiac intensive care unitcardiogenic shockmyocardial infarctionsepsisshock

More Related Videos

Real-time Pressure-volume Analysis of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Mice
07:28

Real-time Pressure-volume Analysis of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Mice

Published on: July 2, 2018

9.0K
Use of a Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Device/Left Atrium to Femoral Artery Bypass System for Cardiogenic Shock
07:39

Use of a Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Device/Left Atrium to Femoral Artery Bypass System for Cardiogenic Shock

Published on: August 16, 2021

3.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2025

Utilizing Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Devices in Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock
06:10

Utilizing Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Devices in Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

Published on: June 12, 2021

3.1K
Real-time Pressure-volume Analysis of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Mice
07:28

Real-time Pressure-volume Analysis of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Mice

Published on: July 2, 2018

9.0K
Use of a Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Device/Left Atrium to Femoral Artery Bypass System for Cardiogenic Shock
07:39

Use of a Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Device/Left Atrium to Femoral Artery Bypass System for Cardiogenic Shock

Published on: August 16, 2021

3.5K

Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Cardiology
  • Hemodynamics

Background:

  • Mixed shock, a complex syndrome, involves concurrent myocardial dysfunction and vasodilation.
  • Existing classifications do not adequately address the multifaceted nature of mixed shock.
  • Poor outcomes are associated with mixed shock due to impaired compensatory mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel classification system for mixed shock.
  • To review the etiologies, pathophysiology, and management strategies for mixed shock.
  • To highlight the need for standardized definitions and treatment approaches.

Main Methods:

  • State-of-the-art literature review.
  • Analysis of proposed classification system for mixed shock.
  • Discussion of hemodynamic profiles and management strategies.

Main Results:

  • Proposed classification includes cardiogenic-vasodilatory, vasodilatory-cardiogenic, and primary mixed shock.
  • Mixed shock states often present with similar hemodynamic profiles despite varied etiologies.
  • Invasive hemodynamic monitoring and combined inotropic/vasopressor support are key management components.

Conclusions:

  • A novel classification system aids in understanding and managing mixed shock.
  • Timely identification and treatment of underlying causes are essential for improving outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to establish consensus definitions and guide mechanical circulatory support in mixed shock.