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Trends in naloxone co-prescriptions.

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Naloxone co-prescriptions increased from 2019-2022, especially for high-risk patients. However, rates remain suboptimal in rural areas and for older individuals, indicating a need for improved opioid overdose prevention strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Pharmacology
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • The opioid epidemic is a major US public health crisis.
  • Naloxone is crucial for combating opioid overdoses.
  • Suboptimal naloxone co-prescription rates persist, particularly in high-risk populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze recent trends in naloxone co-prescription rates in Iowa.
  • To identify changes in co-prescription patterns from 2019 to 2022.
  • To examine disparities in co-prescription rates among different patient groups.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of Iowa Prescription Monitoring Program (PMP) data.
  • Calculated naloxone co-prescription rates per 1000 opioid patients (2019-2022).
  • Stratified rates by opioid dose, concurrent benzodiazepine use, and demographics; excluded hospice/non-ambulatory patients.

Main Results:

  • Year-over-year increase in naloxone co-prescriptions observed from 2019 to 2022.
  • Significant increases in co-prescriptions for high-risk groups (high opioid dose, concurrent benzodiazepine use).
  • Disparities noted: lower rates in rural areas and older patient groups.

Conclusions:

  • Increased naloxone co-prescribing indicates progress in overdose prevention.
  • Co-prescription rates remain suboptimal for high-risk individuals.
  • Continued education and policy efforts are needed to improve naloxone accessibility, especially for older patients and in rural areas.