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Trends in naloxone co-prescriptions
Jainaba Dumbuya1, Mitchell J Barnett2, Eric J Ip3
1Stanford University School of Medicine, Office of PA Education, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, United States.
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
|December 25, 2024
Summary
Naloxone co-prescriptions increased from 2019-2022, especially for high-risk patients. However, rates remain suboptimal in rural areas and for older individuals, indicating a need for improved opioid overdose prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Pharmacology
- Health Services Research
Background:
- The opioid epidemic is a major US public health crisis.
- Naloxone is crucial for combating opioid overdoses.
- Suboptimal naloxone co-prescription rates persist, particularly in high-risk populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze recent trends in naloxone co-prescription rates in Iowa.
- To identify changes in co-prescription patterns from 2019 to 2022.
- To examine disparities in co-prescription rates among different patient groups.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of Iowa Prescription Monitoring Program (PMP) data.
- Calculated naloxone co-prescription rates per 1000 opioid patients (2019-2022).
- Stratified rates by opioid dose, concurrent benzodiazepine use, and demographics; excluded hospice/non-ambulatory patients.
Main Results:
- Year-over-year increase in naloxone co-prescriptions observed from 2019 to 2022.
- Significant increases in co-prescriptions for high-risk groups (high opioid dose, concurrent benzodiazepine use).
- Disparities noted: lower rates in rural areas and older patient groups.
Conclusions:
- Increased naloxone co-prescribing indicates progress in overdose prevention.
- Co-prescription rates remain suboptimal for high-risk individuals.
- Continued education and policy efforts are needed to improve naloxone accessibility, especially for older patients and in rural areas.
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