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Updated: Aug 1, 2026

Generation of Organoids from Mouse Extrahepatic Bile Ducts
Published on: April 23, 2019
Cholangiocyte organoids for disease, cancer, and regenerative medicine
Munemasa Nagao1, Akihisa Fukuda2, Hirotaka Kashima2
1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
Abstract:
The biliary tract is a ductal network comprising the intrahepatic (IHBDs) and extrahepatic bile duct (EHBDs). Biliary duct disorders include cholangitis, neoplasms, and injury. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. With advancements in 3D culture technology, cholangiocyte organoids (COs) derived from primary tissues or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can accurately replicate the structural and functional properties of biliary tissues. These organoids have become powerful tools for studying the pathogenesis of biliary diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis, and for developing new therapeutic strategies for cholangiocarcinoma. Additionally, COs have the potential to repair bile duct injuries and facilitate transplantation therapies. This review also discusses the use of organoids in genetically engineered mouse models to provide mechanistic insights into tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Continued innovation and standardization of organoid technology are crucial for advancing precision medicine for biliary diseases and cancer.
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