Trophoblast giant cell release of placental lactogens: temporal and regional characteristics

Placental lactogen (PL) production by rat trophoblast giant cells was studied using in vitro methods. The influence of trophoblast giant cell location within the conceptus and day of trophoblast giant cell isolation on the type of PL released in vitro were investigated. The effect of trophoblast giant cell location on the amount of PL, progesterone, and testosterone released in vitro was also evaluated. Trophoblast giant cells release two types of PLs in vitro; a high-molecular-weight lactogen, PL-1, and a low-molecular-weight lactogen, PL-2. The type of PL released by trophoblast giant cells was not influenced by their location within the conceptus at the time of dissection. Location did influence the amount of hormone produced by trophoblast giant cells. Mural trophoblast giant cells were more active in the production of PL, progesterone, and testosterone. The type of PL released by trophoblast giant cells is highly dependent upon the day of gestation the cells are removed for study. Trophoblast giant cells isolated on Day 10 of gestation release predominantly PL-1, while those cells isolated 24 hr later (Day 11 of gestation) release predominantly PL-2. The switch from PL-1 to PL-2 production that occurs in vivo does not occur under the in vitro conditions employed in this report.