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Updated: May 2, 2026
Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Brain Injury
Published on: August 5, 2014
Description of School Outcomes Among Children With Traumatic Brain Injuries, Centers for Disease Control and
Dana Waltzman1, Alexis B Peterson1, Daniel Chang1
1Division of Injury Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Background:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common injury in children. Though research on youth TBI has largely focused on high school students, this study describes selected school outcomes after TBI in the past 12 months among children aged 5-17 years.
Methods:
Data from parent-proxy respondents from the pilot administration of the National Concussion Surveillance System (a random-digit-dial telephone survey with over 10,000 adult respondents) were examined. Descriptive statistics of demographic and injury characteristics of children who sustained a TBI were calculated. The association between TBI signs/symptoms and selected school outcomes were determined by multinomial logistic regressions.
Results:
Among the 3557 children sampled via parent-proxy-reporting, 9.9% sustained a TBI in the past year. Changes in sleep or being more tired than usual, trouble concentrating, sensitivity to light or noise, and difficulty learning or remembering new things were associated with a greater risk of worse school outcomes following a TBI.
Implications For School Health Policy, Practice, And Equity:
To promote a positive return to learn (RTL) experience among children following TBI, school districts may prioritize accommodations (e.g., breaks in learning, extra time for assignments) and implement existing ascending levels of academic support where warranted.
Conclusion:
These findings may inform stakeholders seeking to enhance RTL and provide needed support or services for school-aged children who sustain a TBI.
