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Development of the SPEAR Model: Separate Phases of Encoding and Retrieval Are Necessary for Storing

Michael E Hasselmo1

  • 1Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Hippocampus
|December 25, 2024
PubMed

Keywords:
acetylcholineencodingentorhinal cortexregion CA1theta rhythm

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A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze...
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Retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness. This ability is essential for daily tasks like brushing hair and teeth, driving to work, and performing job duties. Retrieval occurs in three ways: recall, recognition, and relearning.
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