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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

475
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
338
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Quantifying Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity in a Tumor Spheroid Model: Application for Drug Discovery
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Current and future immunotherapy for breast cancer.

Natalie K Heater1, Surbhi Warrior2, Janice Lu3

  • 1Department of Medicine, McGaw Medical Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.

Journal of Hematology & Oncology
|December 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and antibody drug conjugates, shows significant progress in breast cancer treatment. Ongoing research explores new combinations and cellular therapies for improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Antibody drug conjugateBispecific antibodyBreast cancerCellular therapyImmune checkpoint inhibitorImmunotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Breast cancer treatment has seen major advancements through immunotherapy.
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are key therapeutic classes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent clinical trials of immunotherapy in breast cancer.
  • To discuss future directions for immunotherapy in breast cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent major clinical trials in breast cancer immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of ongoing research in vaccines, bispecific antibodies, and cellular therapies.

Main Results:

  • Pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy is FDA-approved for PD-L1 positive metastatic and early-stage triple-negative breast cancer.
  • ADCs are approved for triple-negative and HER2+ breast cancer and are being studied with ICIs.
  • Cellular therapies like TILs, CAR-T cells, and TCR-engineered cells show promise.

Conclusions:

  • Immunotherapy has substantially advanced breast cancer treatment options.
  • Future research focuses on expanding ICI use, combining therapies, and developing novel cellular treatments.