Hyaluronic Acid-Based Self-Healing Hydrogels for Diabetic Wound Healing

Diabetic wounds, particularly diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), are significant threats to human well-being due to their impaired healing from poor circulation and high blood sugar, increased risk of infection and potential for severe complications like amputation, all compounded by peripheral neuropathy and chronic inflammation. Most therapies and dressings for DFUs focus on one symptom at a time, however, multifunctional smart self-healing hydrogels can withstand multifactorial motional diabetic wounds. Motional wounds are easy-to-split wounds that experience tension, compression, and movement caused by stress now and then. Hyaluronic acid (HA) based self-healing hydrogels stand out among other biomaterials due to their ability to cover irregular wound surfaces, maintain a moist environment, repair themselves when ruptured, and exhibit excellent biocompatibility. These self-healing hydrogels can repair damages caused by movement and recover the functional properties during healing. These hydrogels can also act as therapeutic delivery vehicles and tissue regeneration systems. This review demonstrates the potential of HA-based self-healing hydrogels for diabetic wound healing. Due to its self-healing capabilities, these hydrogels offer a customized therapeutic approach for motional diabetic wounds. The review also critically examines the challenges and future directions for HA-based self-healing hydrogels in diabetic wound healing.