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  11. Non-enzymatic Posttranslational Protein Modifications In Protein Aggregation And Neurodegenerative Diseases.
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  5. Chemical Sciences
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  9. Nanochemistry
  11. Non-enzymatic Posttranslational Protein Modifications In Protein Aggregation And Neurodegenerative Diseases.

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Non-enzymatic posttranslational protein modifications in protein aggregation and neurodegenerative diseases.

Tim Baldensperger1, Miriam Preissler1,2, Christian F W Becker1

  • 1University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry Währinger Str. 38 1090 Vienna Austria tim.baldensperger@univie.ac.at miriam.preissler@univie.ac.at christian.becker@univie.ac.at.

RSC Chemical Biology
|December 26, 2024

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-enzymatic posttranslational modifications (nPTMs) accumulate in aging proteins, impacting neurodegenerative disease. This review explores nPTMs in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, discussing their role in protein aggregation and cellular dysfunction.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Non-enzymatic posttranslational modifications (nPTMs) arise from reactive molecules modifying protein amino acid side chains.
  • nPTMs increase under metabolic stress and can alter protein structure and function, accumulating in long-lived proteins.
  • nPTMs are linked to aging and diseases like diabetes and cataracts, with their role in neurodegeneration (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's) being a key research question.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review major nPTMs on proteins central to neurodegenerative diseases (α-synuclein, β-amyloid, tau).
  • To summarize nPTM formation, their impact on disease onset/progression, and effects on cellular systems.
  • To discuss methodologies for studying nPTMs and their role in protein aggregation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on nPTMs in key neurodegenerative disease proteins.
  • Analysis of existing knowledge on nPTM formation and cellular impact.
  • Critical discussion of current methodologies and proposed advanced techniques.

Main Results:

  • nPTMs significantly affect proteins like α-synuclein, β-amyloid, and tau, implicated in neurodegeneration.
  • Accumulation of nPTMs can impair cellular detoxification, repair, and degradation pathways.
  • Existing methods for nPTM investigation are discussed, highlighting limitations.

Conclusions:

  • nPTMs are critical factors in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis, influencing protein aggregation and cellular health.
  • Advanced chemical and molecular biology techniques, including site-specific modification, are needed to further elucidate nPTM roles.
  • Increased research into nPTMs, adapting enzymatic modification study approaches, is crucial for understanding and potentially treating neurodegeneration.