Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 8, 2025
Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
Published on: February 9, 2021
Impact of diet on renal stone formation
Solafa H Ghoneim1,2, Hotoon Alghaythee1,2, Bashair Alasmari1,2
1Department of Internal Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Background And Objectives:
The incidence of kidney stones is increasing globally, with a preponderance in adults compared with that in adolescents and children. Dietary habits have been identified as significant contributing factors to kidney stone formation. This literature review aimed to explore the existing evidence on the impact of diet on renal stone formation.
Methods And Study Design:
We conducted a comprehensive literature review and included 81 studies published between 1999 and 2023, limiting the search to articles published in English. The extracted data were analyzed to identify common themes, trends, and patterns related to the impact of diet on renal stone formation. We investigated the influence of dietary habits on the risk of nephrolithiasis.
Results:
Although the role of fluid intake in relation to stone formation is clear, existing evidence on how different types of beverages (coffee, tea, fruit juices, and soft drinks) affect kidney stone formation is conflicting. Other factors such as protein, sodium chloride, calcium, oxalate, fat, and carbohydrate intake have also been discussed as contributors to nephrolithiasis. Thus, diet should be appropriately modified to reduce the risk of stone formation in susceptible individuals. A history of nephrolithiasis has been found to increase the risk of both chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. The review acknowledges the limitations inherent in conducting a literature review, including the potential for publication bias and the reliance on available published studies.
Conclusions:
These findings highlight the importance of understanding and preventing nephrolithiasis.
Related Concept Videos
01:45Kidney Structure
01:11Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
01:22Renal Drug Excretion: Effect of Urine pH, Flow Rate, and Drug pKa
The pKa of a...
01:13Introduction to Urinary System
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located in the retroperitoneal space, on either side of the vertebral column, between the T12 and L3 vertebrae. They are partially protected by the rib cage and surrounded by perirenal fat, which provides cushioning. They are responsible for urine formation and play critical roles in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte levels, and hormone production. The ureters...
01:17Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
01:24Physiology of Urine Formation
Glomerular Filtration
The first stage in urine formation is glomerular filtration. Each kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons, the functional units of filtration, with a...