Advance Glycation End Products Inhibition by Citrus paradisi Peel Extract; Characterization, LCMS-QTOF Analysis, and

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Muhammad Fakhar Ul Mehmood1,2, Marvi1, Hatem A Abuelizz3

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Balochistan Quetta Pakistan.

Food Science & Nutrition
|December 26, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Grapefruit peel extracts show promise in combating diabetic complications by inhibiting advanced glycation end products (AGEs). These natural compounds also exhibit antioxidant and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory effects, suggesting potential as antidiabetic agents.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Natural Products Chemistry

Background:

  • Diabetic complications are primarily caused by advanced glycation end products (AGEs).
  • Persistent hyperglycemia accelerates AGEs formation through non-enzymatic glycation.
  • Natural functional foods are being explored for novel therapeutic strategies against diabetes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of medium polar fractions from *Citrus paradisi* (grapefruit) peels.
  • To evaluate the phytochemical composition and biological activities of these fractions.
  • To assess their efficacy in inhibiting AGEs formation and related diabetic complications.

Main Methods:

  • Phytochemical analysis using FTIR, HPLC-DAD, and LCMS-QTof.
  • In vitro assays for antioxidant activity, alpha-glucosidase inhibition, and AGEs inhibition (oxidative and non-oxidative modes).
  • Fractionation of *Citrus paradisi* peels to isolate active compounds.

Main Results:

  • LCMS-QTof identified major flavonoids and polymethoxylated flavonoids, including naringin and hesperidin.
  • The chloroform fraction exhibited significant antioxidant activity and substantial AGEs inhibition in both oxidative (IC50 = 0.23 mg/mL) and non-oxidative (IC50 = 0.10 mg/mL) modes.
  • Significant alpha-glucosidase inhibition was observed in the chloroform fraction (IC50 = 0.78 mg/mL).

Conclusions:

  • Medium polar fractions of *Citrus paradisi* peels possess significant antidiabetic and anti-AGEs potential.
  • The observed activities are attributed to the presence of identified flavonoids and polymethoxylated flavonoids.
  • Grapefruit peel extracts represent a promising natural source for managing diabetic complications.
Keywords:
AGEsCitrus Spp.antioxidantmedium polarpolymethoxylated flavonoids

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