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Adverse Effects of Nrf2 in Different Organs and the Related Diseases

Xuemei Jin1,2, Long Chen3, Yuelan Yang1,4

  • 1Department of Clinical Nutrition, Guangzhou Institute of Disease-Oriented Nutritional Research, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
|December 26, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) normally protects cells from oxidative stress. However, persistent Nrf2 activation can paradoxically cause harm, requiring further study into its detrimental roles.

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor regulating antioxidant response.
  • Under basal conditions, Nrf2 is degraded, but oxidative stress promotes its nuclear translocation and activation.
  • Nrf2 activation confers protective antioxidant properties, extensively documented in various disease models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the dual role of Nrf2 in pathological conditions.
  • To highlight mechanisms and contexts where Nrf2 activation leads to adverse outcomes.
  • To underscore the need for further research into the detrimental effects of persistent Nrf2 activation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating Nrf2's role in disease.
  • Analysis of pathological contexts associated with Nrf2.
  • Examination of molecular mechanisms underlying Nrf2's beneficial and harmful effects.

Main Results:

  • Nrf2 activation is protective in many diseases.
  • Emerging evidence indicates that sustained Nrf2 activation can be detrimental.
  • Specific pathological conditions and molecular mechanisms mediate Nrf2's adverse effects.

Conclusions:

  • The role of Nrf2 is context-dependent, exhibiting both protective and harmful functions.
  • Persistent Nrf2 activation may lead to deleterious consequences.
  • Further investigation is crucial to elucidate the specific conditions and mechanisms driving Nrf2's harmful actions.
Keywords:
Nrf2P62autophagyglycolysisinsulin resistance

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