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Allium chromosome evolution and DNA sequence localization.

Rafiq Ahmad1,2,3, Paulina Tomaszewska4,5, M Kausar Nawaz Shah6

  • 1Department of Genetics, Genomics and Cancer Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK. rafiqahmad.uaar@gmail.com.

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|December 26, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Molecular cytogenetics mapped 45S and 5S rDNA genes in Allium species. TSA-FISH showed limitations for pigment gene localization, but rDNA findings offer evolutionary insights.

Keywords:
AlliumIn situ hybridization45S and 5S rDNAChromosome evolutionSingle copy gene

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics
  • Molecular cytogenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Molecular cytogenetics uses DNA probes for gene mapping on chromosomes.
  • Allium species are important model organisms in plant genetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To localize 45S and 5S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes in three Allium species.
  • To investigate the feasibility of localizing pigment biosynthesis genes (PAL and FLS) in Allium cepa using TSA-FISH.

Main Methods:

  • In situ hybridization was used to map 45S and 5S rDNA genes in Allium cepa, Allium sativum, and Allium fistulosum.
  • Tyramide Signal Amplification Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (TSA-FISH) was employed to detect pigment-related genes (PAL and FLS) on meiotic and mitotic chromosomes.

Main Results:

  • Variations in chromosomal localization and signal intensity of 45S and 5S rDNA probes were observed across the studied Allium species.
  • Additional 5S rDNA signals were detected on chromosome 8 in Allium sativum (heterozygous).
  • Preliminary results indicated PAL gene localization on meiotic metaphase chromosomes and FLS gene on mitotic chromosomes in Allium cepa.

Conclusions:

  • The TSA-FISH technique was found to be neither routine nor robust for consistent probe localization in plant chromosomes.
  • rDNA gene mapping provided insights into the evolutionary relationships among the studied Allium species.