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Related Concept Videos

Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

906
Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
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EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

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Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
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Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

438
In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
438
EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents01:26

EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents

542
EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...
542
Bonding and Strength of Aggregate01:12

Bonding and Strength of Aggregate

139
The bond between aggregate particles and the cement matrix is significantly influenced by the shape and surface texture of the aggregates. High-strength concretes benefit from a rougher texture, which leads to stronger bonding due to greater adhesion. Angular aggregates with larger surface areas also enhance this bond. The bonding quality, however, is complex to assess as no universally accepted test exists. Good bonding is indicated when a crushed concrete specimen shows some aggregate...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Development of Amelogenin-chitosan Hydrogel for In Vitro Enamel Regrowth with a Dense Interface
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A Novel Dual Cross-linking Reagent for Dentin Bonding Interface Stability.

Z L Tian1, H M Wang1, S H Yang1

  • 1Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Journal of Dental Research
|December 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary

A new dual cross-linking reagent, FPA, effectively strengthens resin-dentin bonds by cross-linking collagen and inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase activity, enhancing bond durability.

Keywords:
collagen type Icross-linking reagentdental bondingdental restoration repairhybrid layermatrix metalloproteinase inhibitors

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Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material

Published on: December 20, 2024

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Dentin bonding procedures require durable interfaces to prevent degradation.
  • Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in dentin can degrade collagen, compromising bond longevity.
  • Cross-linking reagents are explored to enhance dentin collagen stability and inhibit MMPs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and evaluate an operation-friendly dual cross-linking reagent, 3-(4-formyphenoxy)-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (FPA).
  • To assess FPA's ability to cross-link dentin collagen and reduce enzymatic activity at the bonding interface.
  • To evaluate the impact of FPA on the durability and quality of resin-dentin bonds.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of FPA and characterization using spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR, UV-Vis) and molecular docking.
  • Assessment of FPA-collagen interactions, resistance to proteolysis and thermolysis (hydroxyproline release, TGA).
  • Evaluation of MMP inhibition (zymography), cytotoxicity (CCK-8, live/dead assays), bond strength, and interface quality (SEM, CLSM, water contact angle, nanoleakage).

Main Results:

  • FPA successfully mediated covalent and hydrogen bonding with dentin collagen.
  • FPA-treated collagen exhibited enhanced resistance to enzymatic degradation and thermal decomposition.
  • FPA significantly reduced MMP activity at the bonding interface and improved microtensile bond strength after 24h and thermocycling.
  • FPA treatment improved bonding interface quality, evidenced by reduced nanoleakage and altered wettability.

Conclusions:

  • The dual cross-linking reagent FPA is effective in cross-linking dentin collagen and inhibiting MMP activity.
  • FPA enhances the longevity and quality of resin-dentin bonds, demonstrating significant clinical potential.
  • FPA offers a promising strategy for improving the durability of dental adhesive restorations.