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Mycoplasma pneumoniae-Triggered Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Children: Two Case Reports of Different ICU Presentations
Sajjad M AlKadhem1, Alzahra Alradhi2, Hadeel A AlJubab3
1Pediatrics Intensive Care, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, SAU.
Insights
Mycoplasma pneumoniae can trigger Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in children, presenting atypically. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for pediatric GBS cases.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Infectious Diseases
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune-mediated polyneuropathy.
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an emerging trigger for GBS, especially in pediatric populations.
Observation:
- This report details two pediatric intensive care unit cases of atypical Mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated GBS.
- Case 1: A 10-year-old boy with pharyngeal-cervical-brachial variant GBS, experiencing descending paralysis requiring mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy.
- Case 2: A 2-year-old boy with ascending GBS, complicated by sickle cell anemia.
Findings:
- Both pediatric cases demonstrated a clear link between Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and Guillain-Barré syndrome.
- Atypical presentations of GBS in children necessitate vigilant diagnostic approaches.
Implications:
- These cases highlight the importance of considering Mycoplasma pneumoniae in pediatric GBS, even with unusual clinical courses.
- Early recognition and aggressive management are vital for improving outcomes in pediatric Guillain-Barré syndrome.
- Further research into the specific mechanisms of M. pneumoniae-induced GBS in children is warranted.
Abstract:
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune-mediated polyneuropathy with diverse clinical presentations. Mycoplasma pneumoniae has been increasingly recognized as a potential trigger, particularly in pediatric cases. This case report presents two atypical cases of M. pneumoniae-associated GBS in children in the pediatric intensive care unit setting. The first case involves a 10-year-old boy with pharyngeal-cervical-brachial variant of GBS, presented with descending paralysis and required prolonged mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy. The second case presents a two-year-old boy with ascending GBS complicated by underlying sickle cell anemia. Both cases illustrate that pediatric GBS requires prompt diagnosis and aggressive treatment. In these instances, GBS was linked to M. pneumoniae.
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