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Updated: Jun 4, 2025
Therapy Testing in a Spheroid-based 3D Cell Culture Model for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Published on: April 20, 2018
Further confirmation of a highly prognostic grading scheme based upon tumour budding and cell cluster size in
Wenwen Zhang1,2, Yiling Song1, Haiyan Shi1
1Department of Surgical Pathology, Womens Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
Aims:
Our study aimed to further confirm the clinical significance of the tumour budding activity and cell nest size-based (TBNS) grading scheme in cervical squamous cell carcinomas (SCC).
Methods And Results:
We applied the TBNS system to assess the prognostic value in an institutional cohort of well-annotated cervical SCC consisting of 312 consecutive cases with surgical resection, no neoadjuvant chemotherapy and higher than stage pT1a. We found that high budding activity, single cell and TBNS grade 3 were more frequently associated with a decreased overall survival (OS) time and disease-free survival (DFS) time (P < 0.001) and several other clinicopathological factors, including lymphovascular space invasion, lymph node metastasis, advanced Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage and deep invasion of the cervical wall (> 2/3) (P < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, TBNS grade 3 was an adverse indicator for OS and DFS independently of age, invasion of the cervical wall and FIGO stage (P < 0.05). By comparison, the conventional three-tiered grading system was not associated with OS and DFS in cervical SCC (P > 0.05).
Conclusions:
Our study further confirms that the TBNS grading scheme is robust in prognostic assessment in cervical SCC that outperforms the conventional three-tiered grading system. It is applicable to add TBNS grade into routine diagnostic practice.
