Post-COVID-19 Syndrome-associated Risk Factors for Acne Exacerbation

This study aimed to investigate the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome on various aspects of acne exacerbation. Additionally, we aimed to explore the risk factors for acne exacerbation after COVID-19 syndrome.

A total of 211 subjects with acne were enrolled, and their key demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors were recorded. They were asked whether acne exacerbation occurred after COVID-19 syndrome, as well as the latency of exacerbation, the exacerbation location, and the form of skin lesions. The risk factors were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazard regression model. Overall, 41.2% of cases reported exacerbation of acne after COVID-19 syndrome. Age was found to be a protective factor. Additionally, sufficient fruit intake may slightly prevent exacerbation. For participants engaging in daily physical exercise, the likelihood of exacerbation was significantly increased after COVID-19 syndrome.

The probability of exacerbation was significantly higher if an acne itch was present. Patients who experienced exacerbation in the chin area were more likely to develop acne-induced anxiety. Males had a higher risk of aggravation of the cyst form. Interestingly, those with lower education levels were more likely to have aggravation in the right cheek after COVID-19 syndrome. Moreover, physical exercise might prevent aggravation in the front or back areas.

Finally, fish intake of ≥240 g per week was related to the aggravation of the hard nodule form. In conclusion, age and adequate fruit intake may play a protective role, while acne itch and daily exercise may be risk factors for acne exacerbation.