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Related Concept Videos

General Structure of a Vertebra01:30

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A typical vertebra, with the exception of the sacrum and coccyx, consists of a body, a vertebral arch, and seven different projections termed processes. The anterior portion of the vertebrae, the body, supports about half the body’s weight. The vertebral bodies progressively increase in size and thickness from the cervical region to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. The intervertebral discs present between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae firmly unites them, forming a continuous...
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The vertebral column or spine is a flexible column that supports the head, neck, and body and  allows for their movements. It also protects the spinal cord.
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The back muscles that lie deep into the thoracolumbar fascia are called intrinsic or true back muscles. These muscles are divided into four layers: superficial, intermediate, deep, and deepest layers.
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Spinal nerves are pivotal conduits in the nervous system, bridging the central nervous system (CNS) with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). These nerves enable a complex communication network between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body, facilitating sensory input, motor output, and autonomic functions.
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The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...
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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
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Anatomy and Pathologies of the Spinous Process.

Sisith Ariyaratne1, Nathan Jenko1, Karthikeyan P Iyengar2,3,4

  • 1Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Royal Orthopedic Hospital, Birmingham B31 2AP, UK.

Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Spinous process lesions, though uncommon, can present diagnostic challenges on spinal imaging. This review details various pathologies affecting the spinous process and their imaging features.

Keywords:
baastrup diseasecomputed tomographycongenitalmagnetic resonance imagingneoplasmneuroimagingspinous process

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Imaging
  • Spinal Pathology

Background:

  • The spinous processes are crucial for spinal biomechanics, serving as attachment points for muscles and ligaments.
  • Spinal imaging, including radiographs, CT, and MRI, is standard for diagnosing pain and radiculopathy.
  • Incidental findings during spinal imaging are common, with isolated spinous process lesions posing diagnostic dilemmas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review pathologies affecting the spinous process.
  • To correlate imaging features with specific spinous process lesions.
  • To provide a resource for radiologists encountering these rare findings.

Main Methods:

  • A 10-year retrospective review of spinous process lesions at a tertiary orthopedic center.
  • Keyword search ('spinous process') on hospital Picture Archive and Communication System (PACS) and Radiology Information System (RIS).
  • Compilation of isolated spinous process pathologies based on imaging reports for narrative review.

Main Results:

  • Identified a range of spinous process pathologies including congenital, traumatic, neoplastic, inflammatory, infective, and metabolic lesions.
  • Detailed pertinent imaging features for each identified pathology.
  • Highlighted the diagnostic challenges posed by isolated spinous process lesions.

Conclusions:

  • Radiologists must consider a differential diagnosis for isolated spinous process lesions identified on routine spinal imaging.
  • The literature on spinous process pathologies is sparse, necessitating further review and understanding.
  • This review aims to aid in the accurate diagnosis of spinous process abnormalities.