Optimization of Collagen Extraction from Fish Scales Using Tris-Glycine Buffer: A Taguchi Methodological Approach

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Biotechnology
• Sustainable Chemistry

Background:

• Collagen is a vital biomaterial used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and medical applications.
• Fish scales represent an abundant and sustainable source for collagen extraction, minimizing waste from the fish processing industry.

Purpose of the Study:

• To optimize collagen extraction from fish scales using the Taguchi method.
• To identify key parameters influencing collagen yield and purity.
• To validate the extracted collagen's identity and structure.

Main Methods:

• Utilized the Taguchi method to optimize extraction parameters: buffer concentration, temperature, pH, and time.
• Performed Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to confirm collagen's characteristic peaks.
• Conducted Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and amino acid analysis to assess purity and structure.

Main Results:

• Identified optimal extraction conditions yielding 17.14 ± 0.05 mg/g of collagen.
• FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of type I collagen (Amide I, II, III bands).
• SDS-PAGE and amino acid analysis (high glycine, proline, hydroxyproline) indicated fibrous collagen structures.

Conclusions:

• The Taguchi method provides an efficient and sustainable approach for extracting high-purity collagen from fish scales.
• Temperature and buffer concentration were identified as significant factors affecting collagen yield.
• Further experimental validation is recommended to fully align mathematical modeling with optimized conditions.