Heavy Metals and Associated Risks of Wild Edible Mushrooms Consumption: Transfer Factor, Carcinogenic Risk, and Health Risk Index
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View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Wild edible mushrooms accumulate heavy metals like cadmium and lead from their soil. This accumulation poses potential health risks, particularly for children, due to high metal intake from consumption.
Area Of Science
- Environmental Science
- Food Safety
- Toxicology
Background
- Wild edible mushrooms are a valuable food source but can accumulate heavy metals from their environment.
- Understanding heavy metal contamination in mushrooms is crucial for public health and food safety.
- Factors like mushroom species, soil, and mushroom part influence metal accumulation.
Purpose Of The Study
- To investigate heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb) concentrations in six wild edible mushroom species.
- To correlate metal accumulation with growth substrate, sampling site, species, and morphological part (cap/stipe).
- To assess soil contamination, mushroom phytoremediation capacity, and toxicological implications for human health.
Main Methods
- Heavy metal analysis in 228 mushroom and 114 soil samples using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS).
- Calculation of soil contamination indices (geo-accumulation, contamination factor, pollution loading index).
- Assessment of human health risks including chronic daily dose and hazard/carcinogenic quotients.
Main Results
- Significant differences in heavy metal accumulation were observed among mushroom species and between cap and stipe.
- <i>Macrolepiota procera</i> showed high accumulation of Cd and Cr; <i>Macrolepiota excoriata</i> for Cu; <i>Boletus edulis</i> for Ni; <i>Armillaria mellea</i> for Pb.
- The accumulation factor for Cd in the cap of <i>M. procera</i> was five times higher than in its stipe.
- Daily intake of toxic metals from mushroom consumption poses health risks, especially for children.
Conclusions
- Wild edible mushrooms can act as bioindicators of soil heavy metal contamination.
- Specific mushroom species exhibit varying capacities for accumulating different heavy metals.
- Consumption of contaminated wild mushrooms presents a significant risk of heavy metal exposure to humans, with children being more vulnerable.
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