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Gender Differences and Performance Changes in Sprinting and Long Jump Among Young Athletes
Eduard Bezuglov1,2, Evgeniy Achkasov2, Timur Vakhidov1,2
1High Performance Sports Laboratory, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Sports (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 27, 2024
Summary
Gender differences in athletic performance emerge around age 11, with boys showing higher sprint and long jump results. Performance improvements are linked to growth spurts, suggesting age-specific categories for young athletes.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Human Movement
- Pediatric Athletics
Background:
- Athletic performance in young athletes is influenced by biological maturation.
- Understanding gender-specific performance trajectories is crucial for talent development.
- The "Shipovka Yunykh" tournament provides a valuable dataset for analyzing youth athletic performance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the developmental dynamics of sprint and long jump performance in young athletes.
- To identify the age of gender divergence in these athletic events.
- To investigate the relationship between performance changes and biological maturation.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 60-metre sprint and long jump data from 1249 males and 1497 females aged 10-15.
- Inclusion of top 50 results per age group from the "Shipovka Yunykh" national tournament (2017-2019).
- Statistical comparison of performance metrics between genders and across age groups.
Main Results:
- Boys demonstrated significantly higher sprint and long jump performance than girls from ages 11-12.
- Significant performance gains occurred between ages 12-13 for boys (long jump) and 10-11 (sprint).
- Girls showed significant improvements between ages 12-13 (long jump) and 11-12 (sprint), with gender divergence noted around age 11.
Conclusions:
- Gender divergence in sprint and long jump performance is evident around age 11 in young athletes.
- The timing of the pubertal growth spurt significantly influences performance dynamics.
- Age-specific competition categories are recommended to ensure fair and effective athletic development.
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