The impact of uterine cavity structural features on reproductive outcomes in T-shaped uterine malformation

Despite advancements in modern medicine, the effectiveness of in vitro fertilization (IVF) remains low. This study aimed to assess the impact of specific features of T-shaped uterine cavity malformation and its intermediate forms on reproductive function and the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technology (ART), particularly on IVF results and pregnancy outcomes.

A prospective cohort study included 388 somatically healthy patients undergoing 3D ultrasound (US) examination of the uterine cavity before embryonic transfer for IVF treatment. Patients were evaluated for morphometric parameters using standardized US protocols. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS statistics.

The study revealed that patients with T-shaped uterus and intermediate forms had higher rates of miscarriages, and unfavorable pregnancy outcomes compared to those with normal uterine cavities. The frequency of pregnancy occurrence in T-shaped and Intermediate groups was statistically similar with the "Normal uterus" group. Morphometric parameters such as T-angle, lateral angle, and myometrial thickness significantly influenced IVF outcomes.

The study highlights the importance of morphometric parameters in predicting IVF success and pregnancy outcomes in patients with T-shaped uterine cavity malformation. These parameters can guide clinical decision-making and may serve as predictors for reproductive outcomes in ART procedures. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and explore additional ultrasound markers for better prediction of reproductive outcomes in patients with uterine cavity malformations.