The centenarian blueprint: lessons in defying Parkinson's disease

Recent advancements in neurology have shifted focus from mere diagnosis to comprehensive management of movement disorders, particularly Parkinson's Disease (PD), which is rapidly increasing in prevalence due to global ageing trends. While age is a key risk factor for PD, centenarians often exhibit a remarkably low prevalence of the disease, presenting an intriguing paradox. This viewpoint explores potential reasons for this low prevalence, drawing on studies from regions with high centenarian populations, known as Blue Zones. The authors highlight the importance of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors in promoting healthy ageing and examines how these may contribute to the resilience against PD found in centenarians. By understanding the protective mechanisms in centenarians, particularly the concept of hormesis and factors like diet, exercise, and social connections, we may inform prevention strategies for PD. The study proposes the "EAT, MOVE, SLEEP, PROTECT, and REPEAT" approach as a framework for lifestyle interventions to counteract PD risk factors. Ultimately, centenarians offer valuable insights into delaying neurodegeneration, providing a model for potential preventive trials for PD.