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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer
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Association of PD-L1 positivity with Epstein Barr virus infection and microsatellite instability in gastric

Sun Mi Lee1,2, Hyunjoo Oh3

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 350 W. 11th street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. drsunmi@yahoo.com.

Scientific Reports
|December 27, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma (GCLS) shows high Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection rates and PD-L1 expression, indicating potential for immunotherapy. EBV positivity and microsatellite instability (MSI) correlate with PD-L1 levels in GCLS, suggesting patient response to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma (GCLS) exhibits dense lymphocytic infiltration and frequent Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection.
  • These characteristics suggest GCLS may be responsive to immunotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between PD-L1 expression and clinicopathologic factors in GCLS.
  • To assess the roles of EBV positivity and microsatellite instability (MSI) in PD-L1 expression within GCLS.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 214 GCLS and 300 gastric adenocarcinomas (GACs).
  • Techniques included Epstein Barr Virus encoding region in situ hybridization (EBER ISH), PD-L1 and HER2 immunohistochemistry, HER2 dual-colored in situ hybridization, and MSI analysis.

Main Results:

  • EBV positivity was detected in 85% of GCLSs.
  • High PD-L1 expression (≥10 CPS) was observed in 55.3% of EBV-positive GCLSs and 21.2% of EBV-negative GCLSs, particularly in MSI-high tumors (85.7%).
  • HER2 amplification was less frequent in GCLS compared to GACs.

Conclusions:

  • EBV positivity and MSI status are significantly associated with PD-L1 expression levels in GCLS.
  • GCLS patients with EBV positivity and/or MSI-high status may benefit from PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy.
  • Anti-HER2 therapy is less likely to be effective in GCLS.