Microalgae for bioremediation: advances, challenges, and public perception on genetic engineering

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Biotechnology
• Environmental Engineering

Background:

• Growing global population and industrialization increase water usage and wastewater contamination.
• Traditional wastewater treatment methods face challenges in efficiency and sustainability.
• Microalgae present a promising, eco-friendly alternative for biological wastewater remediation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the potential of microalgae in wastewater treatment and bioremediation.
• To examine the use of genetically engineered microalgae strains for enhanced remediation.
• To assess the industrial applications, economic impact, and public perception of microalgal biotechnology.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of microalgal wastewater treatment studies.
• Analysis of current industrial utilization and commercial potential of microalgae.
• Evaluation of public and governmental perception of microalgal biotechnology.
• Assessment of environmental risks and biocontainment strategies for microalgae cultures.

Main Results:

• Microalgae effectively remove nutrients and contaminants from wastewater.
• Wastewater-derived microalgal biomass has potential for various economic applications.
• Genetically engineered strains can enhance bioremediation efficiency.
• Public and governmental perception, along with safety protocols, are crucial for large-scale implementation.

Conclusions:

• Microalgae are a viable and sustainable solution for wastewater treatment, offering economic benefits through biomass valorization.
• Further research and development, including genetic engineering and robust biocontainment, are needed to maximize microalgal potential.
• Addressing public perception and regulatory frameworks is essential for the widespread adoption of microalgal biotechnology in environmental management.