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[Diabetic retinopathy and pregnancy].

N V Pomytkina1,2, E L Sorokin1,2

  • 1Khabarovsk branch of S.N. Fedorov National Medical Research Center "MNTK "Eye Microsurgery", Khabarovsk, Russia.

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious concern for pregnant women with diabetes mellitus (DM). This review covers DR progression, causes, risks, and prevention during pregnancy.

Keywords:
diabetes mellitusdiabetic retinopathypregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Endocrinology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss.
  • Pregnancy in women with diabetes mellitus (DM) can accelerate DR progression.
  • Understanding these changes is crucial for maternal and fetal health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical issue of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus (DM).
  • To describe the current understanding of DM progression during pregnancy.
  • To outline pathogenic mechanisms, risk factors, and preventive measures for DR during gestation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on diabetic retinopathy in pregnant diabetic patients.
  • Synthesis of information on disease progression, pathogenesis, and risk factors.
  • Analysis of current preventive strategies.

Main Results:

  • Pregnancy can significantly impact the progression of diabetic retinopathy.
  • Specific pathogenic mechanisms and risk factors contribute to DR manifestation and worsening during gestation.
  • Evidence-based preventive measures are essential for managing DR in this population.

Conclusions:

  • Pregnant women with DM require careful monitoring for diabetic retinopathy.
  • Early detection and intervention are key to preventing vision loss.
  • Multidisciplinary management is recommended for optimal outcomes.