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Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
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[Features of premorbid status in patients with Rett syndrome].

Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova·2026
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[Paraneoplastic opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome].

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  • 1Kemerovo State Medical University, Kemerovo, Russia.

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|December 28, 2024
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Summary

This case study highlights paraneoplastic opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) in a child with neuroblastoma. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment, including surgery and immunotherapy, led to symptom regression and developmental recovery.

Keywords:
Kinsbourne encephalopathycerebellar ataxiaopsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Neuro-oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is a rare neurological disorder with opsoclonus, myoclonus, ataxia, and behavioral disturbances.
  • It can arise in children due to immunopathological processes linked to infections or cancers, potentially causing lasting neurological deficits.
  • Paraneoplastic OMS, associated with underlying malignancy, presents diagnostic challenges due to its varied and evolving clinical manifestations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a ten-year observational case study of paraneoplastic OMS in a child with neuroblastoma.
  • To illustrate the diagnostic challenges posed by the gradual development of OMS symptoms.
  • To highlight the effectiveness of a comprehensive treatment approach.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal case observation over ten years.
  • Clinical assessment including neurological examination, ataxia, and eye movement evaluation.
  • Diagnostic workup for underlying malignancy (neuroblastoma).
  • Treatment modalities included surgical tumor resection, immunosuppressive therapy, nootropic, and anticonvulsant medications.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with initial symptoms of cerebellar ataxia and psychoemotional disorders, later developing opsoclonus, confirming OMS diagnosis.
  • The case demonstrated a unique combination of opsoclonus with symptomatic epileptiform seizures.
  • Multimodal treatment resulted in condition stabilization, regression of cerebellar symptoms, and improved mental development rate.

Conclusions:

  • The gradual manifestation of OMS symptoms can delay diagnosis of the underlying paraneoplastic cause.
  • An interdisciplinary diagnostic approach is crucial for cases of cerebellar ataxia, myoclonus, and abnormal eye movements, considering oncological pathology.
  • Timely diagnosis and integrated treatment of paraneoplastic OMS can lead to significant clinical improvement and recovery.