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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Investigation of Microbial Cooperation via Imaging Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Bacterial Colonies Grown on Agar and in Tissue During Infection
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Commensal-pathogen dynamics structure disease outcomes during Clostridioides difficile colonization.

Skye R S Fishbein1, Anna L DeVeaux2, Sakshi Khanna1

  • 1The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Cell Host & Microbe
|December 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary

The gut microbiome can prevent severe Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) outcomes, even with colonization. A diverse gut community protects against C. difficile virulence without eliminating the bacteria.

Keywords:
Clostridioides difficilegastrointestinal infectiongut microbiome

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Clostridioides difficile colonization is frequent in healthcare settings.
  • Clinical outcomes of C. difficile colonization vary widely, from asymptomatic carriage to severe C. difficile infection (CDI).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the factors influencing diverse clinical outcomes in patients colonized with C. difficile.
  • To understand the role of the gut microbiota in modulating C. difficile virulence and disease severity.

Main Methods:

  • Systems biology approach using microbiota humanization of germ-free mice.
  • Fecal samples from toxigenic C. difficile carriers were used for microbiota transfer.
  • Gnotobiotic mice were engrafted with defined human microbiota and challenged with C. difficile strains.

Main Results:

  • A spectrum of virulence was observed among C. difficile clade 1 lineages.
  • Candidate taxa, including Blautia, were identified as markers for stable C. difficile colonization.
  • A human microbiota community broadly representative of colonized patients protected mice from severe CDI without suppressing C. difficile colonization.

Conclusions:

  • Gut community structure can attenuate the virulence of diverse C. difficile strains without preventing colonization.
  • This highlights the protective capacity of a stable gut microbiome against severe C. difficile disease.
  • Understanding these determinants is crucial for managing C. difficile carriage and infection.