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Regular Consumption of Black Tea Kombucha Modulates the Gut Microbiota in Individuals with and without Obesity
Mirian Aparecida de Campos Costa1, Vinícius da Silva Duarte2, Gabriela Macedo Fraiz3
1Bioactive Compounds and Carbohydrates (BIOCARB) Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
Background:
Kombucha, a fermented beverage obtained from a Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast, has shown potential in modulating gut microbiota, although no clinical trials have been done.
Objectives:
We aimed to evaluate the effects of regular black tea kombucha consumption on intestinal health in individuals with and without obesity.
Methods:
A pre-post clinical intervention study was conducted lasting 8 wk. Forty-six participants were allocated into 2 groups: normal weight + black tea kombucha (n = 23); and obese + black tea kombucha (n = 23). Blood, urine, and stool samples were collected at baseline (T0) and after 8 wk of intervention (T8).
Results:
A total of 145 phenolic compounds were identified in the kombucha, primarily flavonoids (81%) and phenolic acids (19%). Kombucha favored commensal bacteria such as Bacteroidota and Akkermanciaceae, especially in the obese group. Subdoligranulum, a butyrate producer, also increased in the obese group after kombucha consumption (P = 0.031). Obesity-associated genera Ruminococcus and Dorea were elevated in the obese group at baseline (P < 0.05) and reduced after kombucha consumption, becoming similar to the normal weight group (Ruminococcus: obese T8 × normal weight T8: P = 0.27; Dorea: obese T8 × normal weight T0: P = 0.57; obese T8 × normal weight T8: P = 0.32). Fungal diversity increased, with a greater abundance of Saccharomyces in both groups and reductions in Exophiala and Rhodotorula, particularly in the obese group. Pichia and Dekkera, key microorganisms in kombucha, were identified as biomarkers after the intervention.
Conclusions:
Regular kombucha consumption positively influenced gut microbiota in both normal and obese groups, with more pronounced effects in the obese group, suggesting that it may be especially beneficial for those individuals. This trial was registered at Brazilian Clinical Trial Registry - ReBEC as UTN code U1111-1263-9550 (https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-9832wsx).
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