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Related Concept Videos

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Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
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Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and...
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Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
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Linking structural and functional changes during healthy aging and semantic dementia using multilayer brain network

Gwendolyn Jauny1, Marine Le Petit2, Shailendra Segobin1

  • 1Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, Inserm, U1077, CHU de Caen, Centre Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Caen, France.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|December 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Healthy aging shows altered brain network patterns, with distinct changes in semantic dementia patients. These brain network shifts correlate with cognitive function changes in both healthy aging and disease.

Keywords:
Brain connectivityCognitionHealthy agingMultilayer network analysisSemantic dementia

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Healthy aging involves widespread brain changes, unlike focal lesions in pathologies like semantic dementia.
  • Structural brain integrity changes can impact functional brain network dynamics.
  • Understanding these network alterations is key to characterizing cognitive function in aging and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in multilayer brain network analysis between younger adults, healthy older adults, and semantic dementia patients.
  • To examine the association between structural and functional brain connectivity patterns and cognitive performance.
  • To differentiate network changes associated with normal aging versus neurodegenerative pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Multilayer brain network analysis applied to diffusion MRI (DWI) and functional MRI (fMRI) data.
  • Comparison of network connectivity patterns and clustering in younger healthy, older healthy, and semantic dementia groups.
  • Correlation analysis between network metrics and cognitive performance measures.

Main Results:

  • Healthy older adults exhibited decreased structural-functional connectivity similarity and increased frontal network clustering compared to younger adults.
  • Semantic dementia patients showed increased structural-functional connectivity similarity and temporo-parietal network clustering.
  • Connectivity changes correlated with cognitive performance, with preservation in some aspects and decline in others.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct brain network profiles characterize healthy aging and semantic dementia.
  • Multilayer network analysis reveals specific patterns of structural-functional connectivity changes related to cognitive function.
  • These findings enhance our understanding of brain network alterations in aging and neurodegeneration.