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Risk factors for constipation during pregnancy: a multicentre prospective cohort study
Zivile Sabonyte-Balsaitiene1, Tomas Poskus2, Eugenijus Jasiunas2
1Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University , 03101 Santariskiu Str. 2, LT-08661, Vilnius, Lithuania. zivile.sabonyte-balsaitiene@mf.vu.lt.
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
|December 28, 2024
Summary
Constipation during pregnancy is common, affecting over half of women. Key risk factors include hemorrhoidal disease, low physical activity, and lower income, while lower education appears protective.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Gastroenterology
- Public Health
Background:
- Constipation is a prevalent issue among pregnant women.
- While physical activity and nutrition are suspected causes, their precise impact requires further investigation.
- This study evaluates constipation prevalence and risk factors in pregnant and postpartum women.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of constipation in pregnant women.
- To identify independent risk factors associated with constipation during pregnancy and postpartum.
- To explore the protective role of education level against constipation.
Main Methods:
- A prospective observational cohort study was conducted in three Lithuanian hospitals.
- Data were collected from women in early pregnancy (<12 weeks' gestation) using questionnaires.
- Constipation was defined by Rome III criteria, and risk factors were analyzed using multivariate analysis.
Main Results:
- Constipation affected 55.9% of the 263 participants.
- Significant risk factors included hemorrhoidal disease (OR 8.25), inadequate physical activity (OR 1.66), not participating in sports (OR 1.98), and a monthly income of 300-500 euros (OR 1.97).
- Lower educational attainment (secondary or unfinished secondary) was a protective factor, reducing constipation risk by 2.2 and 1.84 times, respectively.
Conclusions:
- Hemorrhoidal disease, low physical activity, and low monthly income are significant independent risk factors for pregnancy-related constipation.
- Higher education levels appear to reduce the incidence of constipation during pregnancy.
- These findings highlight modifiable factors and socioeconomic influences on constipation in pregnant populations.
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