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New-onset cardiovascular diseases post SARS-CoV-2 infection in an urban population in the Bronx

Jason Y Lu1, Justin Y Lu1, Stephen H Wang1,2

  • 1Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.

Scientific Reports
|December 29, 2024
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 survivors face increased risks of new cardiovascular disorders, particularly those hospitalized. This long-term study highlights the need for vigilant monitoring of cardiac health post-infection.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The long-term cardiovascular implications of SARS-CoV-2 infection remain a significant public health concern.
  • Understanding the incidence of new-onset cardiovascular disorders post-COVID-19 is crucial for patient management and healthcare planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence of new cardiovascular disorders up to 3.5 years after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • To compare cardiovascular risks in COVID-19 patients with contemporary and pre-pandemic control groups.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study involving 56,400 individuals with COVID-19 and over 1 million controls.
  • Analysis of new-onset major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), arrhythmias, inflammatory heart disease, thrombosis, cerebrovascular, and ischemic heart disease.
  • Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) were calculated comparing COVID-19 patients to control groups.

Main Results:

  • Hospitalized COVID-19 patients showed significantly higher risks for MACE (aHR=2.29), arrhythmias (aHR=2.54), inflammatory heart disease (aHR=5.34), cerebrovascular disorders (aHR=2.05), thrombosis (aHR=4.25), and ischemic heart disease (aHR=1.89).
  • Non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients also had elevated risks for several cardiovascular outcomes, including MACE (aHR=1.04) and inflammatory heart disease (aHR=2.29).
  • Risks were consistent when compared to both contemporary and pre-pandemic cohorts; race and ethnicity were not significant risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 infection is associated with a substantially increased incidence of new-onset cardiovascular disorders, especially in hospitalized patients.
  • The findings underscore the importance of identifying and monitoring individuals at risk for long-term cardiovascular complications following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Keywords:
heart attacklong COVID-19myocarditispost-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC)stroke

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