Clinical advancements in mRNA vaccines against viral infections

Over the last decade, mRNA vaccines development has shown significant advancement, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This comprehensive review examines the efficacy of pivotal vaccines against emerging COVID-19 variants and strategies for enhancing vaccine effectiveness. It also explores the versatility of mRNA technology in addressing other infectious diseases such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, HIV, cytomegalovirus, Ebola, Zika, Rabies, and Nipah viruses. The analysis includes safety and clinical progress of mRNA vaccines and evaluates their potential in combination vaccine strategies. Additionally, it addresses challenges related to delivery and scalability while highlighting opportunities for future advancements in the field. Recent advances in mRNA optimization, biomaterial-based delivery and thermostable designs offer promising solutions. It is essential to gain insights into the evolving landscape of mRNA vaccine technology to maximize its vital role in addressing diverse viral threats, advancing vaccinology and enhancing public health preparedness for future pandemic.