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Injectable and 3D-Printable Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Networks Based on Modified Sodium Alginate for Cell

Sofia Falia Saravanou1, Thomai Samouilidou2, Constantinos Tsitsilianis1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece.

Biomacromolecules
|December 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces novel 3D-printable polymer networks using modified alginate blends. These networks enable rapid cell spheroid formation and are sensitive to temperature and glucose, offering tunable properties for biofabrication.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Alginate-based hydrogels are widely used in tissue engineering.
  • Developing stimuli-responsive and 3D-printable bioinks remains a challenge.
  • Combining thermoresponsive and pH-sensitive polymers offers tunable network properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel 3D-printable polymer networks for biofabrication.
  • To investigate the gelation properties and stimuli-responsiveness of alginate-based blends.
  • To assess the material's suitability for rapid cell spheroid formation.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of thermoresponsive alginate-grafted P(NIPAM-co-NtBAM)-NH2 copolymer.
  • Modification of alginate with diol/pH-sensitive 3-aminophenylboronic acid.
  • Characterization of gelation via hydrophobic association and boronate ester formation.
  • Evaluation of storage modulus, cell spheroid formation, and network dissociation.

Main Results:

  • A semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) was formed with optimal storage modulus (150 Pa at 20°C to 480 Pa at 37°C) at a 70/30 wt% ratio.
  • The bioink promoted rapid cell spheroid formation (62.5 μm diameter) within 24 hours.
  • The network exhibited tunable dissociation triggered by glucose addition.

Conclusions:

  • The developed alginate-based polymer network is 3D-printable, non-toxic, and injectable.
  • The combination of thermoresponsive and pH-sensitive polymers creates a synergistic cross-linking system.
  • This material shows promise for rapid cell spheroid formation and advanced tissue engineering applications.