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Cortical plasticity differences in substance use disorders.

Qing-Ming Liu1,2,3, Molly Lucas4,5, Faizan Badami4,5

  • 1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.

Fundamental Research
|December 30, 2024
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Summary

This study used TMS-EEG to explore cortical plasticity in individuals with heroin or methamphetamine use disorder. Healthy controls showed significant changes in alpha and beta power, unlike those with substance use disorder, indicating differential brain plasticity.

Keywords:
Cortical plasticityHeroinMethamphetamineSubstance use disordersTranscranial magnetic stimulation with simultaneous electroencephalography

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Addiction Research
  • Brain Plasticity

Background:

  • Substance use disorders (SUDs) involving opiates and psychostimulants pose significant public health challenges.
  • Limited research exists on the cortical plasticity differences between heroin and methamphetamine use disorders.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for developing targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare cortical plasticity in individuals with heroin use disorder (HUD) and methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) versus healthy controls (HC).
  • To utilize concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) to assess neurophysiological responses.
  • To explore the potential of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in modulating brain activity and its implications for addiction treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Employed concurrent TMS-EEG to collect data from 35 HC, 72 HUD, and 69 MUD subjects.
  • Utilized an automated artifact rejection algorithm (ARTIST) for data processing.
  • Analyzed changes in alpha and beta power at F3, F4, and P3 stimulation sites before and after a single rTMS session using linear mixed effects models.

Main Results:

  • Healthy controls exhibited a significant decrease in alpha power at the P3 site and a significant increase in beta power at the F3 site post-rTMS.
  • Individuals with HUD and MUD showed no significant changes in alpha power at the P3 site or beta power at the F3 site.
  • A significant difference in alpha-band power was observed between HC and the two SUD groups after a single rTMS session.

Conclusions:

  • Cortical plasticity differs significantly between individuals with heroin use disorder, methamphetamine use disorder, and healthy controls.
  • TMS-EEG effectively revealed these differential plasticity effects.
  • rTMS demonstrates potential as a tool to investigate plasticity-based interventions for substance use disorders.