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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

197
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
197
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

187
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
187
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

116
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
116
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

143
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
143
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

253
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
253
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

1.2K
In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
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Updated: May 7, 2025

Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus
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Cavitary Pulmonary Tuberculosis in an Infant.

Sofia Branco1,2, Sara Nogueira Machado3,2, Inês Azevedo4,2,5

  • 1Pediatrics, Unidade Local de Saúde Póvoa de Varzim/Vila do Conde, Póvoa de Varzim, PRT.

Cureus
|December 30, 2024
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Summary

A three-month-old infant with atypical symptoms was diagnosed with infant tuberculosis (TB). Early diagnosis and treatment with antituberculosis drugs are crucial for favorable outcomes in pediatric TB cases.

Keywords:
atypical presentationcavitationinfantmycobacterium tuberculosistuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health concern, with diagnostic challenges in infants due to atypical presentations.
  • Portugal faces a significant burden of TB, necessitating improved diagnostic strategies, particularly in vulnerable populations.

Observation:

  • A previously healthy three-month-old infant presented with non-specific symptoms including cough, rhinorrhea, respiratory distress, and fever.
  • Initial treatment for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) was ineffective, with subsequent imaging revealing necrotizing pneumonia.

Findings:

  • Thoracic computed tomography and bronchoscopy identified consolidation with cavitation, lymphatic involvement, and bronchial compression.
  • Gastric aspirates and bronchoalveolar lavage confirmed the presence of *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering infant tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of persistent respiratory symptoms unresponsive to standard antibiotic therapy.
  • Prompt diagnosis and appropriate antituberculosis treatment, potentially including adjunctive corticosteroids, are essential for successful management and improved prognosis in pediatric TB.