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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Oxidation and Reduction

Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Oxidation and Reduction

The benzylic position describes the position of a carbon atom attached directly to a benzene ring. Benzene by itself does not undergo oxidation. In contrast, the benzylic carbon is quite reactive in the presence of strong oxidizing agents such as KMnO4 or H2CrO4. Therefore, alkylbenzenes are readily oxidized to benzoic acid, irrespective of the type of alkyl groups.

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

Oxymercuration-Reduction of Alkenes

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Oxymercuration–reduction of alkenes is one of the major reactions converting alkenes to alcohols. It involves the hydration of alkenes with mercuric acetate in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and water, forming an organomercury adduct. This is followed by a demercuration step in which the adduct is reduced to an alcohol using sodium borohydride.

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Synthesis and Testing of Supported Pt-Cu Solid Solution Nanoparticle Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation

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Published on: July 18, 2017

Multivariate analysis on the structure-activity parameters for nano CuO_x-catalyzed reduction reactions.

Lorianne R Shultz-Johnson^1,2, Matthew Chang³, Neil N Bisram¹

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816 (USA).

ACS Applied Nano Materials

|December 30, 2024

Summary

This study reveals how material properties of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles affect their catalytic activity in reduction reactions. Understanding these factors is key for designing efficient, non-noble metal catalysts.

Keywords:

4-nitrophenol reduction Catalytic defects heterogeneous catalysis methylene blue reduction multivariate analysis nanocatalysis structure-activity relationship

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Development of Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts using Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks MOFs

Development of Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts using Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks MOFs

Published on: January 17, 2020

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Catalysis
Nanotechnology

Background:

Non-noble metal catalysts, particularly metal oxides, are emerging as cost-effective alternatives for thermal catalytic processes.
Enhanced catalytic performance in metal oxide nanoparticles is often linked to surface area and oxygen vacancies.
Treatments inducing oxygen vacancies can simultaneously alter microstrain, crystallinity, oxidation state, and particle shape.

Purpose of the Study:

To disentangle the specific impact of various material properties on the catalytic rates of CuO nanoparticles.
To establish a correlation between material characteristics and catalytic efficiency for reduction reactions.
To highlight the importance of tailored catalyst design for heterogeneous catalysis.

Main Methods:

Multivariate statistical analysis was employed to analyze the relationship between material properties and catalytic activity.
CuO nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized for their physical and chemical properties.
Catalytic reduction of nitroaromatic compounds and methylene blue was performed to assess performance.

Main Results:

Microstrain, particle shape, and the atomic percentage of Cu(0) were identified as significant factors influencing catalytic rates.
The study demonstrates a clear link between specific material parameters and the efficiency of CuO nanoparticles in reduction reactions.
A protocol for correlating material properties to catalytic efficiency was successfully developed.

Conclusions:

The findings provide critical insights into the origin of enhanced catalytic activity in metal oxide nanoparticles.
This work offers a framework for the rational design of efficient non-noble metal catalysts for various thermal catalytic applications.
The presented methodology aids in optimizing catalyst properties for improved performance in nitroaromatic and methylene blue reduction reactions.