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1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

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Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
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Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
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2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

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Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
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1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

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Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by...
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Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
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Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

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Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
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Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
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Dinitrogen Activation and Conversion by Actinide Complexes.

Yafei Li1, Xiaoqing Xin2, Qin Zhu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.

JACS Au
|December 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Actinide complexes show promise for sustainable dinitrogen activation and conversion. This research reviews their synthesis, mechanisms, and catalytic potential, offering new avenues for nitrogen chemistry.

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Area of Science:

  • Sustainable chemistry
  • Organometallic chemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Efficient dinitrogen (N2) activation is crucial for sustainable synthesis of nitrogen compounds.
  • Traditional nitrogen fixation methods have environmental drawbacks.
  • Actinide complexes are emerging catalysts, distinct from transition metals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review recent advances in N2 activation and conversion using actinide complexes.
  • To highlight the synthesis, mechanistic understanding, and catalytic applications of these complexes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of actinide-mediated N2 activation and conversion.
  • Analysis of synthetic strategies for actinide complexes.
  • Examination of mechanistic pathways and catalytic performance.

Main Results:

  • Actinide complexes exhibit unique reactivity for N2 activation.
  • Diverse synthetic routes to actinide complexes have been developed.
  • Mechanistic studies reveal novel pathways for N2 functionalization.

Conclusions:

  • Actinide complexes offer a promising alternative for N2 activation and conversion.
  • Further research can unlock their full potential in sustainable nitrogen chemistry.
  • This field presents exciting opportunities for catalysis and materials science.