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Optimizing drought tolerance in cassava through genomic selection.

Weverton Gomes da Costa1, Massaine Bandeira E Souza2, Camila Ferreira Azevedo1

  • 1Laboratório de Inteligência Computacional e Aprendizado Estatístico - LICAE, Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|December 31, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genomic selection accelerates drought tolerance in cassava by identifying superior clones. This approach significantly reduces breeding time and costs, offering a promising strategy for crop improvement in water-stressed environments.

Keywords:
Manihot esculenta Crantzbreedinggenomic valuesgenotype selectionmixed model

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Area of Science:

  • Plant breeding and genetics
  • Agricultural science
  • Crop improvement

Background:

  • Selecting for drought tolerance in cassava is complex due to multiple influencing factors.
  • Innovative plant selection methods are crucial for developing drought-resilient cassava varieties.
  • Genomic selection offers a powerful tool to enhance cassava's adaptation to water-scarce conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify cassava clones exhibiting tolerance to water stress.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of truncated selection and genomic values for cassava improvement.
  • To assess genomic selection models for population improvement and genotype evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Best Linear Unbiased Predictions (BLUPs), Genomic Estimated Breeding Values (GEBVs), and Genomic Estimated Genotypic Values (GETGVs) via genomic selection.
  • Employed selection intensities ranging from 10% to 30%.
  • Analyzed SNP-based heritability (h²) and broad-sense heritabilities (H²) under water deficit.

Main Results:

  • Low SNP-based and broad-sense heritabilities (<0.40) were observed for most evaluated agronomic traits under water deficit.
  • Genomic predictive abilities varied by trait and model, with fresh root yield (0.29-0.31) and shoot yield (0.31-0.32) showing good predictive ability.
  • G-BLUP and RKHS methods demonstrated higher predictive abilities, indicating the benefit of incorporating kinship effects.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic selection is a promising approach for increasing genetic gains in cassava drought tolerance.
  • This method can reduce the breeding cycle by at least half compared to conventional methods.
  • Lower genotyping costs present a significant advantage over traditional phenotyping for cassava breeding programs.