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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction01:26

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and long-term...
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations

Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...

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Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Sample Preparation to Bioinformatics Analysis of DNA Methylation: Association Strategy for Obesity and Related Trait Studies
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ICMR-MDRF Diabetes Biosamples: Cohort profile.

Ranjit Mohan Anjana1, Mohan Deepa2, Rajendra Pradeepa3

  • 1Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr.Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

The Indian Journal of Medical Research
|December 31, 2024
PubMed
Summary

The Madras Diabetes Research Foundation biobank supports diabetes research by processing and storing biospecimens from large Indian cohorts. This infrastructure aids in biomarker analysis for improved diabetes treatment and potential cures.

Keywords:
Asian Indiansbiobankbiorepositorybiospecimendiabetesregistry

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Research
  • Diabetes Research
  • Biobanking Infrastructure

Background:

  • Biobanks are essential for advancing medical treatments and research.
  • The Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (MDRF) biobank collects, processes, stores, and distributes biospecimens.
  • This infrastructure supports critical scientific investigations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To profile the biobank operations at MDRF.
  • To detail the Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study and the Registry of people with diabetes in India with young age at onset (ICMR-YDR) cohorts.
  • To highlight the biobank's role in facilitating diabetes research in India.

Main Methods:

  • Description of sample collection, processing, and cold chain storage.
  • Utilizing barcoding, secure storage (freezers, liquid nitrogen), and inventory tracking software.
  • Adherence to ICMR's National Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical and Health Research.

Main Results:

  • The MDRF biobank successfully processes and stores diverse biospecimens.
  • Two major cohorts, ICMR-INDIAB and ICMR-YDR, are profiled, representing large-scale epidemiological and youth-onset diabetes data.
  • Robust sample management ensures integrity and regulatory compliance.

Conclusions:

  • The MDRF biobank is a vital resource for biomedical research, particularly in diabetes.
  • Stored biospecimens enable biomarker analysis for informed clinical decisions and treatment development.
  • The biobank contributes to advancing diabetes care and research in India.