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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion
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Comparing Time to Recovery Between Initial and Repeat Concussion in Athletes.

Brandon S Wright1, Sara Dykowski2, Abigail C Bretzin3

  • 1Concussion Center, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine : Official Journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine
|December 31, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Time to recovery from concussion is similar for initial and repeat injuries in athletes. This study found no significant difference in recovery timelines for athletes experiencing multiple concussions.

Keywords:
SCAT symptom severityconcussionrepeat concussiontime between injuriestime to initial visittime to recovery

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Neurology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Concussions are common in athletes, with concerns about the impact of repeat injuries on recovery.
  • Understanding recovery differences between initial and subsequent concussions is crucial for athlete management and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the time to recovery between an athlete's initial concussion and repeat concussions.
  • To investigate factors influencing recovery time after multiple concussions.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective review of electronic medical records from an interdisciplinary concussion clinic.
  • Analysis of 50 patients who sustained more than one concussion between 2016 and 2020.
  • Time to recovery, defined as clearance for return to sport, was compared using Cox regression, controlling for initial visit timing and symptom severity.

Main Results:

  • No statistically significant difference was found in the time to recovery between initial and repeat concussions in multivariable models.
  • Sensitivity analyses, stratifying by time to initial visit or time between injuries, yielded similar results.
  • A nonsignificant trend suggested shorter recovery after repeat concussions for patients presenting within 1 week of injury or when repeat injuries occurred within 1 year.

Conclusions:

  • Repeat concussions sustained by the same athlete do not significantly alter the time to recovery compared to initial concussions.
  • Early presentation for care and shorter intervals between injuries may be associated with a trend towards quicker recovery after repeat concussions, warranting further investigation.