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Update on andrological effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19: An overview review

Giuseppe Lisco1, Anna De Tullio1, Maima Matin2

  • 1Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.

Andrology
|December 31, 2024
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, or COVID-19, can impair male testicular function, impacting hormones and sexual health. However, testicular function typically recovers with disease resolution, and vaccination prevents these andrological issues.

Area of Science:

  • Andrology
  • Virology
  • Reproductive Medicine

Background:

  • Growing evidence links Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) to diverse andrological alterations in men.
  • These alterations encompass effects on testicular function, hormone levels, and sexual health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review and update the current understanding of the andrological effects associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE and institutional websites was conducted.
  • Included studies comprised randomized clinical trials, non-systematic reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published between 2020 and 2024.

Main Results:

  • Fifty-four records were analyzed, predominantly non-systematic reviews (n=26) and systematic reviews/meta-analyses (n=27).
  • Key findings include short- and long-term seminal changes, effects of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, impact on male fertility, relationship between testosterone and COVID-19 prognosis, and effects on sexual function and hormone levels.

Conclusions:

  • SARS-CoV-2 can directly and indirectly impair testicular function, with severity correlating to the degree of impairment; function generally recovers post-infection.
  • Anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination effectively prevents infection-related andrological issues.
  • In vitro fertilization outcomes remain consistent for patients with or without prior COVID-19, and erectile and sexual dysfunctions are common in COVID-19 patients due to multifactorial causes.
Keywords:
COVID‐19SARS‐CoV‐2sexual dysfunctionspermogramtestosteronevaccines

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