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Related Concept Videos

Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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Clinical Exome Sequencing Study in a Cohort of Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas.

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Proteomic profile of bone in patients with acromegaly: new insights from a pilot exploratory study.

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Impulse control disorders and their relationship with psychopathology in patients treated with cabergoline for hyperprolactinaemia.

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Does persistent hyperprolactinemia contribute to bone loss independently of estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women?

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Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
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Empty sella syndrome: an update.

Francesco Padovano Sorrentino1,2, Sabrina Chiloiro1,2, Antonella Giampietro1,2

  • 1Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.

Pituitary
|December 31, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Empty sella is often an incidental radiological finding. Hormonal pituitary evaluation and MRI imaging are recommended upon diagnosis, especially if symptoms arise.

Keywords:
Empty sellaEmpty sella syndromeHyperprolactinemiaHypopituitarismIntracranial idiopathic hypertension

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Radiology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Empty sella is typically an incidental radiological finding characterized by a flattened pituitary gland.
  • When symptomatic, it is termed empty sella syndrome, presenting with endocrine, ophthalmic, or neurological issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, characteristics, and treatment of empty sella and empty sella syndrome.
  • To highlight diagnostic standards and management recommendations.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of MEDLINE (PubMed) from 2009-2023.
  • Inclusion of original studies and case series in English; exclusion of single case reports and non-English articles.

Main Results:

  • Empty sella incidence is 12% on neuroimaging, reaching 35% clinically.
  • Endocrine pituitary disorders affect 19%-40% of patients.
  • Magnetic nuclear imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Empty sella is usually asymptomatic and a radiological finding.
  • Hormonal pituitary evaluation and MRI are crucial at diagnosis.
  • Regular re-evaluation is advised due to low progression risk to symptomatic empty sella syndrome.