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Related Concept Videos

Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

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Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
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Protein Complex Assembly02:41

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Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
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Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
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Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.
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Cytoskeletal filaments are polymeric forms of smaller protein subunits. However, individual cytoskeletal filaments may easily disassemble or associate with other similar filaments to form rigid structures. Microfilaments, made of actin monomers, rely on actin-binding proteins to form bundles and create networks of individual actin filaments. Microtubules rely on microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to form sturdy cylindrical structures. However, the proteins involved in forming complex...
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Architecture and Assembly of Structurally Complex Viruses.

Carmen San Martín1

  • 1Department of Macromolecular Structure, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain. carmen@cnb.csic.es.

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Complex viruses feature diverse capsid components and intricate assembly mechanisms. Understanding viral structure and morphogenesis is key to virology research.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Structural Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Viral capsids protect the viral genome and are crucial for the virus life cycle.
  • Simple viruses typically have capsids made of a few protein types organized symmetrically.
  • Complex viruses exhibit greater structural diversity, incorporating accessory proteins and non-protein elements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the structure and assembly of complex viruses.
  • To highlight the unique architectural and functional roles of components in complex viral capsids.
  • To discuss the sophisticated regulatory mechanisms required for the morphogenesis of complex viruses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on viral structure and assembly.
  • Analysis of diverse viral capsid architectures.
  • Comparative study of simple versus complex virus assembly pathways.

Main Results:

  • Complex viruses display significant geometrical variability, ranging from near-icosahedral symmetry to asymmetry and pleomorphism.
  • Their capsids can include accessory proteins and non-proteic components like lipids.
  • Assembly of complex virions necessitates sophisticated regulation of morphogenesis due to diverse components.

Conclusions:

  • The structure and assembly of complex viruses are significantly more intricate than those of simple viruses.
  • Understanding these complex mechanisms is essential for deciphering viral life cycles and developing antiviral strategies.
  • Further research into viral morphogenesis can illuminate fundamental principles of biological self-assembly.